bher-1

    bher-1

    English meaning: to bear, carry

    Deutsche Übersetzung: “tragen, bringen” etc (also Leibesfrucht tragen; med. “ferri”), also “aufheben, erheben”

    Grammatical information: The root bher-, forms the exceptional both themat. and athemat. present, because the durative recognizes neither Aor. nor perf. in IE

    Note: Beside bher-, with them. vowel bhere-, sees a heavy basis bherǝ : bhrē-.

    Material: O.Ind. bhárati “carries”, Av. baraiti ds. (and “ride”), O.Pers. barantiy 3. pl. ds. (= Arm. berem, Phryg. αβ-βερετ, Gk. φέρω, Lat. ferō, O.Ir. biru, Alb. bie, Goth. baira, O.C.S. berǫ); O.Ind. bhárti (also as Gk. φέρτε, Lat. fert old unthem. form), bibhárti, bíbharti, bibhr̥máḥ, bibhrati (compare that probably with πίφραμεν = bibhr̥me derived ἐσ-πιφράναι “bring in, take in”), them. abibhran, bibhramüṇ a-ḥ and Av. -bībarümi; perf. babhüra and jabhüra (hybridization of babhüra with jahüra from hárti); participle O.Ind. bhr̥tá-ḥ, Av. bǝrǝte-; Supin. O.Ind. bhártum; Kaus. O.Ind. bhürá yati = Iter. Av. büraya-; Sup. Av. bairišta- “he cherishes best, cares, looks after” (= Gk. φέριστος “ most superior, best”, probably “ he carries the richest, most fertile “); O.Ind. bhr̥tí-ḥ “carrying, sustenance, livelihood, food, wage “ = Av. bǝrǝtis “carrying” (= Lat. fors, Goth. gabaúrÞs, Arm. bard); O.Ind. bhr̥tyǘ “food, nourishment, care, cultivation” (compare Goth. baúrÞei); O.Ind. bhárman- n. “preservation, nourishment, care, cultivation; load” (= Gk. φέρμα, O.C.S. brěmę), heavy basis in bharīman- n. ds.; bharítra-m “arm” (“*wherewith one carries “); O.Ind. bhára-ḥ “acquiring, carrying off, profit, gain, booty; burden” Maybe Alb. barrë “burden” : O.Ind. bhürá -ḥ “bundle, work, load”; Pers. bar “fruit” (= Gk. φόρος, O.C.S. sъ-borъ); O.Ind. -bhará-ḥ “bearing, carrying, bringing etc”, Av. -barō ds. (= Arm. -vor, Gk. -φορος, e.g. δύσφορος = O.Ind. durbhara-ḥ); maybe Alb. bar “grass, herb” related to Pers. bar “fruit”. O.Ind. bháraṇa-m “carrying, bringing, providing, support” (= Inf. Goth. baíran); O.Ind. bhártar-, bhartár- “ bearer, provider “, prábhartar- “carrier (of the sacrifice)”, Av. fra-bǝrǝtar- “ carrier of things, secondary priest “ (compare Lat. fertōr-ius, Umbr. arsfertur), fem. O.Ind. bhartrī́ , Av. barǝϑrī “ supporter, upholder, mother”; lengthened grade O.Ind. bhürá -ḥ “bundle, work, load”, bhürin- “bearing, carrying”, bhǘ rman- (n.) “bringing, attendance”, bhürya-ḥ “to bear, carry, support, nourish” (== O.H.G. büri or = *bhōrio- in Gk. φωριαμός); ba-bhrí-ḥ “bearing, carrying, borne”. Arm. berem “bear, bring” (Aor. eber = ἔφερε, ábharat), beṙn, gen. beṙin “burden, load” (compare Gk. φερνή “dowry”), ber “yield, fruit, fertility” and “movement, run”, -ber “bringing, bearing, carrying”, e.g. in lusaber “ light-bringing, morning star”, secondary instead of -vor, e.g. lusa-vor “ light-bringing “ (compare Lat. Lūci-fer, Gk. λευκο-φόρος); bari “good”, barv-ok “good, best”; bard “heap; compound”, lengthened grade *bhōr- in buṙn “hand, fist; force, might”; Phryg. (κακουν) αββερετ (also αββερεται) “( injury, evil) cause, carry “; gr φέρω “bear” (only present system, once participle φερτός; Ipv. φέρτε), med. φέρομαι “ moves me fast “ (also O.Ind. bharatē, Lat. ferrī, compare above Arm. ber and under Alb.), Iter. φορέω “bear etc” (= Alb. mbaj); about φέριστος “the best, noble “, compar. φέρτερος see above S. 128 and Schwyzer Gk. I 3002, 535, 538; about ὄφρα s. Boisacq s. v. and S. 132;

    Note: common Alb. b- > mb- > m- phonetic mutation as in Alb.Gheg maj “bear” φέρτρον, with them. voc. φέρετρον “bier, stretcher “ (Lat. feretrum “a litter, bier” from dem Gk.); φέρμα “fruit, field crop, agricultural crop, unborn child; fruit of one’s womb, fetus “; φερνή “dowry”, Eol. with them. vowel φέρενα f. ds.; φόρος “yield, tax”, -φόρος “bearing, carrying”, φορά: “carrying, plentiful yield, fullness, wealth”; ἀμφ[ιφ]ορεύς “ means: container/vessel with two grips/handles “; φόρτος “burden, load, cargo”; φαρέτρᾱ “ quiver “; δί-φρος “ the charioteer’s and the combatants” holding part of the war chariot “; φώρ “thief” (= Lat. fūr), ἴσφωρες λησταί, κλέπται. Λάκωνες Hes.; from φώρ derived φωράω “ spy on the thief “, then generally ‘spy on, track “, φωpά: “ house search “; φωριαμός “ box for the storage of clothes “ due to *bhōrios “wearable, bearable”. From the heavy basis bh(e)rē- (?): Fut. -φρήσω, Aor. -έφρησα, -φρῆναι joined together (with δια- “let pass”, with εἰσ- “ let in, put in “, with ἐκ- “ bring out, let out, unburden “); paradigmatic with (ἐσ)-πι-φράναι (see above to O.Ind. bibhr̥máḥ). Ligur. FlN Porco-bera “ guiding fish “, Gando-bera “ guiding scree “. Mess. ma-beran, beram etc, tabara “priestess” (*to-bherü), Dor.-Illyr. βερνώμεθα κληρωσώμεθα. Λάκωνες, Hes. (to Gk. φέρνη “dowry”), doubtful ἀβήρ οἴκημα στοὰς ἔχον, Hes.

    Note: Illyr., Mess. and later Alb. display satem characteristics the same as O.Ind. and Av. Not only Illyr. shares with O.Ind. and Av. the cognates for “bear” but also the institution of priesthood and earth fertility: Mess. ma-beran, beram etc, tabara “priestess” : Av. frabǝrǝtar- “carrier of things, secondary priest” (compare Lat. fertōr-ius, Umbr. arsfertur), fem. O.Ind. bhartrī́ , Av. barǝϑrī “ supporter, upholder, mother”; Alb. [causative bjer] bie (*bherō), 2. pl. biṙni “bring, bear, lead, guide”, also “fall, fail, hit “, ber, beronje “dart, arrow”; kompon. *dz-bier, vdjer etc “fall, lose, destroy”, ndzjer “bring out “, zbjer “fall, lose”; also bie in the meaning “fall” (compare φέρομαι etc), wherefore dzborë, vdorë etc ‘snow” (prefix dz-, dë- and *bhērü eig. “ the falling down, falling off “); iterative *bhoréi̯ō in Tosc mbanj, mbaj, older mba, Gheg mba, mbaj “keep, tend, look after, observe, bear”, N.E.Gheg also used from carrying pregnant animals, with restored r also mbar, bar “bear, drag”; [common Alb. b- > mb- phonetic mutation]

    Note: Alb. (*ndë-borë) dëborë, dzborë, vdorë, bdorë, xborë, borë ‘snow” is a translated Germanic cognate. Albanian ndë- “below, low” + (*bherō) “fallen” = Swedish nederbörd ‘snowfall” (nedan “below” + börd “descent, fall (birth, descent, ancestry, lineage, parentage)” = German niederschlagsmenge (nieder-schlagsmenge). Alb. abbreviated (*nde-bor) zborë ‘snow”: Rom. zbura “ fly, fly out, flight, flit, tower, flash, career, sweep, hover, sail, dart, dash, flee, fleet, slip, glide “, zbor “ flight, soar, soaring, fly, flying, race, volitation, gliding, towering “. Latvian birt “to snow (*fall, descend)” : Latvian: bḕ rt ‘scatter” from O.C.S.: bьrati “gather, select” [verb], berǫ : Polish zbór “(church) gathering” : Russian sobór “ church, assembly, meeting “ Also Alb. borë “(fallen) snow” : Latvian birt “to pour, fall, rain, snow, hail” : Hungarian porhó n. ‘snow”. Altaic etymology : Protoform: *pŏ̀ru

    English meaning: “to snow, rain” Turkic protoform: *bora- Mongolian protoform: *boruɣa Tungus protoform: *pur Korean protoform: *pora Japanese protoform: *pùr-

    Note: Poppe 21, Ozawa 288-289, ОСНЯ 1, 188-189, АПиПЯЯ 69. Cf. *boru, a contamination with which should explain Mong. *b- (one would expect *h- with low tone and shortness). Kaus. *bhōrei̯ ō in Gk.-Alb. bonj, pass. bonem from mating of the mares and cows, eig. “make bear, make pregnant”, and dzbonj (etc) “ chase away, drive out, drive away” (*”make fall away, make flee”); mbarë “good, lucky”, barrë “load” (*bhornü, compare Goth. barn n. “kid, child”); mberat “pregnant”, bark “belly” etc, bar “grass, herb” (*bhoro- “yield”);

    Note: Maybe Alb. (*brauk) barku “belly” derives from Root bhreu-s-1 : “to swell” (see below). bir ‘son” (*bher-, compare Goth. baur ‘son”), bijë, Gk. cal. bilë “daughter” (with diminutive suffix -ëlë, -ëjë) : O.E. byre ‘son”;

    Note: Maybe Alb. l/r are mere allophones as in Alb. gjarpën, gjalpër ‘snake”. burrë (*baur) “man, husband” (compare to meaning O.H.G. baro “man, husband”; Alb. basic form *bhornos, reduplication-stem besides Goth. barn); presumably also mburr “praise”, mbur̄em “boast, brag, be proud “. Maybe kurd. bere “offspring” Lat. ferō, ferre “to bear, bring, carry; to bring forth, produce; to bring to a place or a person, fetch, offer; to bear away, carry off; to bear along, move forward, put in motIon. Transf., to move, impel, carry away; without object, to lead, tend “ (as Gk. φέρω only present system), Umbr. fertu “ you shall bear “ etc, volsk. ferom “ bear, carry “, marruc. ferenter “ they are carried, they are born “ (compare from compound ad-, afferō: Goth. atbaíra; efferō: ἐκφέρω, O.Ir. as-biur); ferüx “fertile”; Lat. ferculum “ a frame, litter, bier, tray; of food, a course or dish “, praefericulum “wide offering vessel”; *fertor “the bearer “, assumed from fertōrius “a sedan which serves for carrying” and = Umbr. ař-fertur, arsfertur “ the priest of some particular god “; fertilis “fertile”, päl. fertlid abl. sg.; -fer in compound secondary instead of -for “bearing, carrying, bringing”; forda f. “pregnant” (do- extension of adj. *bhoró-s “bearing, carrying”, s. WH. I 527); fūr “thief” (= Gk. φώρ, s.o.; to Lat. ū s. WH. I 569); fors nom. (= IE *bhr̥tis), forte abl. “ chance, luck “ = päl. forte pl. “chance, hap, luck, fate, fortune “; fortūna “ chance, fate, lot, luck, fortune. Transf., lot, condition, state, mode of life; property, possessions “ (from tu-stem *bhr̥-tu-s).

    Note: common Lat. ph- > f- shift. O.Ir. 1. sg. biru, -biur, 3. sg. berid “bear, carry”, as-biur “tell”, do-biur “give”, Welsh cymeraf “take” etc; M.Ir. bert m. “bundle, load”, f. “feat, dead, act, plan, birth” etc, birit ‘sow” = O.Ind. bháranti “bearing, carrying”; O.Ir. M.Ir. breth and (eig. dat. acc.) brith, breith (gen. brithe “carrying, parturition (Verbaln. to biru); birth; judgement” (*bhr̥tü); Welsh bryd “thought, notion” (rather *bhr̥tu- as *bhr̥ti-, s. Lewis-Pedersen 345), Corn. brys “thought, notion”, brys “womb”; Gaul. uergo-bretus Office title, whether for *-britos; Ir. barn “judge”, Welsh Bret. barn “judgement” (probably *bhornos, compare above Alb. burre; Pedersen KG. I 51 nimmt -r̥̄-, i.e. erǝ, an); O.Ir. brüth, gen. -o “court”, Welsh brawd “judgement”, Corn. bres ds., Bret. breut “ address to the jury; summation; summing up; plea “, pl. breujou “ the assizes of justice, judgments of a court of law “, Gaul. Brütu-spantium PN, βρατουδε “ from judgment “ (*bherǝtu-); Gaul. *com-boros “ the amassed “, out of it M.H.G. kumber “ rubble, heap of rubble “, Ger. Kummer. Goth. baíran “bear, carry, bring, beget, spawn, to give birth to children “ (bērusjōs “parents”); O.Ice. bera “bear, carry, bear, endure, bring, produce, give birth to children “, O.E. O.H.G. beran “bear, carry, beget, spawn, to give birth to children “, Ger. gebären; Goth. O.Ice. O.H.G. O.S. barn, O.E. bearn “kid, child”; Goth. barms “brost”, Swe. dO.N. barm “brost, lap”, O.Ice. baðmr “bosom”, O.H.G. O.S. barm “lap”, O.E. bearm ds. (= Gk. φορμός? s. S. 137); O.H.G. baro “man, husband”; Swe. dial. bjäre (*ƀeron-), bare (*ƀaron-) “( carrying, i.e.) luck-bringing magical creature “; O.Ice. pl. barar, barir, bǫrur “barrow, bier”, O.E. bearwe, Eng. barrow, E.Fris. barwe, Dutch berrie “barrow, bier”; lengthened grade O.H.G. -büri, Ger. -bar (e.g. fruchtbar = bearing fruit, bearing, carrying), O.E. bǣ re (wæstmǣ re “fertile”), O.Ice. bǣ rr “ capable for carrying, bearable”; O.H.G. O.S. büra, O.E. bǣ r f. “barrow, bier” (also O.Ice. büra, M.Eng. M.L.G. büre “wave”? perhaps here as “ the lifting one “, compare below the group from O.H.G. burian ‘soar, rise”); zero grade Goth. baúr “ the born “, O.Ice. burr, O.E. byre ‘son”; Goth. gabaúr n. “money collected from people, (φόρος), tax”, gabaúr m. “feast, festival “ (to gabaíran “ collect, gather “), M.H.G. urbor, urbar f. n. “ interest of a property “, m. “ tax-payer”; O.H.G. bor f. “ upper space, height “, O.H.G. in bor(e) “at the height, upwards “, M.H.G. enbor(e), Ger. empor, O.H.G. burian, M.H.G. bũrn “raise, uplift”; here obd. borzen “overhang” = O.E. borettan ‘swing” (Gmc.*-ati̯an), in addition Ger. Bũrzel under purzeln; O.H.G. giburian, M.H.G. gebũrn “ occur, happen, close juridically, to be due”, O.S. giburian, O.E. gebyrian, O.Ice. byrja “ be proper, befit, be suitable”, O.Ice. byrja also “begin”, eig. * “lift, raise”; Maybe Alb. buronj “begin, gush, spring, originate” O.E. byre, gebyre m. “ favorable occasion, opportunity “, Goth. gabaúrjaba adv. “willing, fain, yearning “, gabaúrjōÞus “ lust, desire “; from the concept of “aroused, lifted, high” arose from the strengthening sense of O.H.G. bora-, e.g. in bora-tall “very tall, very high”, next to which o-grade O.S. bar- in barwirdig “very solemn, honorable, noble”; presumably also O.Ice. byrr m., O.E. byre “favorable wind”, M.L.G. bore-los “without wind “ as “(the ship) bearing, carrying”. Goth. gabaúrÞs f. “birth, parentage, ancestry, gender, sex”, O.Ice. burðr m. “ carrying, parturition, birth”, byrð f. “birth”, O.E. gebyrd f., O.H.G. giburt, O.S. giburd “birth”, also “fate, destiny” (=O.Ind. bhr̥tí-ḥ, Lat. fors); Goth. baurÞei “burden, load”, O.H.G. burdī f. “burden”, *bhr̥ti̯ōn-: -tīn; O.Ice. byrdr, O.E. byrÞen, byrden ds. O.C.S. berǫ, bьrati (bъrati) “gather, collect, take”, Ser.-Cr. bȅrēm brȁti ds., Russ. berú bratь ds. etc (Slav. *bъrati derived from an older *bъrti after the preterite stem Bal.-Slav. *birü-), O.C.S. brěmę “load, burden”, Ser.-Cr. brȅme, Russ. dial. berémja, ač. břiemě (*bherǝ-men-), O.C.S. sъ-borъ “congregation, meeting”; Church Slavic brěždа “pregnant”, Russ. berëžaja “pregnant (from the mare)”, Ser.-Cr. brȅda ds. from cows (*bherǝ-di̯ü), in forms similarly Lat. forda; O.C.S. brašьno “dish, nourishment, food” see under bhares- “barley”. Lith. bérnas “ youngling; farm laborer”, O.Lith. “kid, child”, Ltv. bḕ ̨ rns “kid, child”; probably Ltv. bars “heap, bulk, mass”. Here with specialization on delivering the seminal grain: transitive Lith. beriù, bėriaũ, ber̃ti ‘strew, distribute” (from grain, then also from flour, ash, cinder etc), Ltv. beṙu, bèrt ds., in ablaut intransitive Lith. byrù, biraũ, bìrti ‘strew, distribute, fall out”, Ltv. bir̃stu, biru, bir̃t “fall out, fall off, drop “, etc. Toch. А В pär- “bear, carry, bring, get, fetch”, perhaps also in A kos-preṃ “how much?” ku-pre “if”, täpreṃ “if”, tüpär(k) “yet”, whether to Gk. ὄ-φρα ... τό-φρα “ as long as “ (see129). About Hitt. bar-aḫ-zi “hunts, scuds, chases” s. Pedersen Hitt. 185. Specht will restore here also (Decl. 148), with i- and u-forms, O.E. bri-d, bird “young bird”, Gmc. brū-tis “wife, woman, bride”, O.Ind. bhrūṇ á - “embryo”, Ltv. braũna, čеch. brnka (*bhru-nka) “ placenta, afterbirth “. S. but under bh(e)reu- “gush, well up, soak “.

    References: WP. II 153 f., WH. I 483 f., 527, 569, 865, 866, Trautmann 31, E. Hermann Stud. Bait. 3, 65 f.